machine learning

How Vision Language Models Are Trained from “Scratch”

to remodel a small text-only language model and gift it the ability of vision. This text is to summarize all my learnings, and take a deeper have a look at the network architectures...

The way to Construct Agentic RAG with Hybrid Search

, also often known as RAG, is a strong method to seek out relevant documents in a corpus of knowledge, which you then provide to an LLM to offer answers to user questions. Traditionally, RAG...

Why Most A/B Tests Are Lying to You

Thursday. A product manager at a Series B SaaS company opens her A/B testing dashboard for the fourth time that day, a half-drunk cold brew beside her laptop. The screen reads: Variant B,...

Spectral Clustering Explained: How Eigenvectors Reveal Complex Cluster Structures

and eigenvectors are key concepts in linear algebra that also play a crucial role in data science and machine learning. Previously, we discussed how dimensionality reduction may be performed with eigenvalues and eigenvectors...

When Data Lies: Finding Optimal Strategies for Penalty Kicks with Game Theory

Introduction Penalties are amongst probably the most decisive and high-pressure moments in football. A single kick, with only the goalkeeper to beat, can determine the consequence of a whole match or perhaps a championship. From...

Hybrid Neuro-Symbolic Fraud Detection: Guiding Neural Networks with Domain Rules

Abstract datasets are extremely imbalanced, with positive rates below 0.2%. Standard neural networks trained with weighted binary cross-entropy often achieve high ROC-AUC but struggle to discover suspicious transactions under threshold-sensitive metrics. I propose a...

I Stole a Wall Street Trick to Solve a Google Trends Data Problem

is a god-send for market research. If you must understand interest in a selected term you possibly can just look it up and see the way it’s changing over time. That is the...

LatentVLA: Latent Reasoning Models for Autonomous Driving

, we discussed AlpamayoR1 (AR1), an autonomous driving model integrating a VLM to act as a reasoning backbone. It relies on a rigorously collected chain-of-causation dataset. Training on this dataset enables AR1 to “reason”...

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