Distant VAEs for decoding with Inference Endpoints 🤗

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Sayak Paul's avatar


(This post was authored by hlky and Sayak)

When operating with latent-space diffusion models for high-resolution image and video synthesis, the VAE decoder can devour quite a bit more memory. This makes it hard for the users to run these models on consumer GPUs without going through latency sacrifices and others alike.

For instance, with offloading, there’s a tool transfer overhead, causing delays in the general inference latency. Tiling is one other solution that lets us operate on so-called “tiles” of inputs. Nonetheless, it might probably have a negative impact on the standard of the ultimate image.

Subsequently, we wish to pilot an idea with the community — delegating the decoding process to a distant endpoint.

No data is stored or tracked, and code is open source. We made some changes to huggingface-inference-toolkit and use custom handlers.

This experimental feature is developed by Diffusers 🧨

Table of contents:



Getting began

Below, we cover three use cases where we expect this distant VAE inference can be helpful.



Code

First, we have now created a helper method for interacting with Distant VAEs.

Install diffusers from predominant to run the code.
pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers@predominant

Code
from diffusers.utils.remote_utils import remote_decode



Basic example

Here, we show how you can use the distant VAE on random tensors.

Code
image = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://q1bj3bpq6kzilnsu.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=torch.randn([1, 4, 64, 64], dtype=torch.float16),
    scaling_factor=0.18215,
)

Usage for Flux is barely different. Flux latents are packed so we want to send the height and width.

Code
image = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://whhx50ex1aryqvw6.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=torch.randn([1, 4096, 64], dtype=torch.float16),
    height=1024,
    width=1024,
    scaling_factor=0.3611,
    shift_factor=0.1159,
)

Finally, an example for HunyuanVideo.

Code
video = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://o7ywnmrahorts457.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=torch.randn([1, 16, 3, 40, 64], dtype=torch.float16),
    output_type="mp4",
)
with open("video.mp4", "wb") as f:
    f.write(video)



Generation

But we wish to make use of the VAE on an actual pipeline to get an actual image, not random noise. The instance below shows how you can do it with SD v1.5.

Code
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline

pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
    torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    variant="fp16",
    vae=None,
).to("cuda")

prompt = "Strawberry ice cream, in a classy modern glass, coconut, splashing milk cream and honey, in a gradient purple background, fluid motion, dynamic movement, cinematic lighting, Mysterious"

latent = pipe(
    prompt=prompt,
    output_type="latent",
).images
image = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://q1bj3bpq6kzilnsu.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=latent,
    scaling_factor=0.18215,
)
image.save("test.jpg")

Here’s one other example with Flux.

Code
from diffusers import FluxPipeline

pipe = FluxPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-schnell",
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    vae=None,
).to("cuda")

prompt = "Strawberry ice cream, in a classy modern glass, coconut, splashing milk cream and honey, in a gradient purple background, fluid motion, dynamic movement, cinematic lighting, Mysterious"

latent = pipe(
    prompt=prompt,
    guidance_scale=0.0,
    num_inference_steps=4,
    output_type="latent",
).images
image = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://whhx50ex1aryqvw6.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=latent,
    height=1024,
    width=1024,
    scaling_factor=0.3611,
    shift_factor=0.1159,
)
image.save("test.jpg")

Here’s an example with HunyuanVideo.

Code
from diffusers import HunyuanVideoPipeline, HunyuanVideoTransformer3DModel

model_id = "hunyuanvideo-community/HunyuanVideo"
transformer = HunyuanVideoTransformer3DModel.from_pretrained(
    model_id, subfolder="transformer", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
)
pipe = HunyuanVideoPipeline.from_pretrained(
    model_id, transformer=transformer, vae=None, torch_dtype=torch.float16
).to("cuda")

latent = pipe(
    prompt="A cat walks on the grass, realistic",
    height=320,
    width=512,
    num_frames=61,
    num_inference_steps=30,
    output_type="latent",
).frames

video = remote_decode(
    endpoint="https://o7ywnmrahorts457.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
    tensor=latent,
    output_type="mp4",
)

if isinstance(video, bytes):
    with open("video.mp4", "wb") as f:
        f.write(video)



Queueing

One among the good advantages of using a distant VAE is that we are able to queue multiple generation requests. While the present latent is being processed for decoding, we are able to already queue one other one. This helps improve concurrency.

Code
import queue
import threading
from IPython.display import display
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline

def decode_worker(q: queue.Queue):
    while True:
        item = q.get()
        if item is None:
            break
        image = remote_decode(
            endpoint="https://q1bj3bpq6kzilnsu.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud/",
            tensor=item,
            scaling_factor=0.18215,
        )
        display(image)
        q.task_done()

q = queue.Queue()
thread = threading.Thread(goal=decode_worker, args=(q,), daemon=True)
thread.start()

def decode(latent: torch.Tensor):
    q.put(latent)

prompts = [
    "Blueberry ice cream, in a stylish modern glass , ice cubes, nuts, mint leaves, splashing milk cream, in a gradient purple background, fluid motion, dynamic movement, cinematic lighting, Mysterious",
    "Lemonade in a glass, mint leaves, in an aqua and white background, flowers, ice cubes, halo, fluid motion, dynamic movement, soft lighting, digital painting, rule of thirds composition, Art by Greg rutkowski, Coby whitmore",
    "Comic book art, beautiful, vintage, pastel neon colors, extremely detailed pupils, delicate features, light on face, slight smile, Artgerm, Mary Blair, Edmund Dulac, long dark locks, bangs, glowing, fashionable style, fairytale ambience, hot pink.",
    "Masterpiece, vanilla cone ice cream garnished with chocolate syrup, crushed nuts, choco flakes, in a brown background, gold, cinematic lighting, Art by WLOP",
    "A bowl of milk, falling cornflakes, berries, blueberries, in a white background, soft lighting, intricate details, rule of thirds, octane render, volumetric lighting",
    "Cold Coffee with cream, crushed almonds, in a glass, choco flakes, ice cubes, wet, in a wooden background, cinematic lighting, hyper realistic painting, art by Carne Griffiths, octane render, volumetric lighting, fluid motion, dynamic movement, muted colors,",
]

pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "Lykon/dreamshaper-8",
    torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    vae=None,
).to("cuda")

pipe.unet = pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

_ = pipe(
    prompt=prompts[0],
    output_type="latent",
)

for prompt in prompts:
    latent = pipe(
        prompt=prompt,
        output_type="latent",
    ).images
    decode(latent)

q.put(None)
thread.join()



Available VAEs



Benefits of using a distant VAE

These tables exhibit the VRAM requirements with different GPUs. Memory usage % determines whether users of a certain GPU might want to offload. Offload times vary with CPU, RAM and HDD/NVMe. Tiled decoding increases inference time.

SD v1.5
GPU Resolution Time (seconds) Memory (%) Tiled Time (secs) Tiled Memory (%)
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 512×512 0.031 5.60% 0.031 (0%) 5.60%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 1024×1024 0.148 20.00% 0.301 (+103%) 5.60%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 512×512 0.05 8.40% 0.050 (0%) 8.40%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 1024×1024 0.224 30.00% 0.356 (+59%) 8.40%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 512×512 0.066 11.30% 0.066 (0%) 11.30%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 1024×1024 0.284 40.50% 0.454 (+60%) 11.40%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 512×512 0.062 5.20% 0.062 (0%) 5.20%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 1024×1024 0.253 18.50% 0.464 (+83%) 5.20%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 512×512 0.07 12.80% 0.070 (0%) 12.80%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 1024×1024 0.286 45.30% 0.466 (+63%) 12.90%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 512×512 0.102 15.90% 0.102 (0%) 15.90%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 1024×1024 0.421 56.30% 0.746 (+77%) 16.00%
SDXL
GPU Resolution Time (seconds) Memory Consumed (%) Tiled Time (seconds) Tiled Memory (%)
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 512×512 0.057 10.00% 0.057 (0%) 10.00%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 1024×1024 0.256 35.50% 0.257 (+0.4%) 35.50%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 512×512 0.092 15.00% 0.092 (0%) 15.00%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 1024×1024 0.406 53.30% 0.406 (0%) 53.30%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 512×512 0.121 20.20% 0.120 (-0.8%) 20.20%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 1024×1024 0.519 72.00% 0.519 (0%) 72.00%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 512×512 0.107 10.50% 0.107 (0%) 10.50%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 1024×1024 0.459 38.00% 0.460 (+0.2%) 38.00%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 512×512 0.121 25.60% 0.121 (0%) 25.60%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 1024×1024 0.524 93.00% 0.524 (0%) 93.00%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 512×512 0.183 31.80% 0.183 (0%) 31.80%
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 1024×1024 0.794 96.40% 0.794 (0%) 96.40%



Provide feedback

When you like the thought and have, please help us together with your feedback on how we are able to make this higher and whether you’d be occupied with having this sort of feature more natively integrated into the Hugging Face ecosystem. If this pilot goes well, we plan on creating optimized VAE endpoints for more models, including those that may generate high-resolution videos!



Steps:

  1. Open a problem on Diffusers through this link.
  2. Answer the questions and supply any extra info you would like.
  3. Hit submit!



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